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Initial Dev Setup for MacOS

General development environment setup for MacOS: Zsh, Homebrew, Sublime Text, and VS Code

Franco Posa

The Very Basics

This guide is meant to walk through the most basic components of a dev environment setup on MacOs (Catalina and newer) - the steps you would perform before writing your first lines of code on a new or factory-reset machine.

For my purposes and preferences, these basic components are:

  1. Configure zsh
  2. Set Terminal app preferences
  3. Install Homebrew package manager
  4. Install Sublime Text and Visual Studio Code

Configuration for specific programming languages and toolchains will be left for subsequent guides.

1. Configure Zsh

What is Zsh?

Without going into too much detail, Zsh is a command-line shell very similar to the ubiquitous Bash, with additional quality-of-life features which can make it more suitable for daily interactive terminal usage. Zsh is not 100% compatible with Bash, but for standard interactive command-line usage, you may never notice the incompatibilities between the two.

In any case, Apple has begun to enable Zsh as the default shell for new MacOS user accounts, and Zsh has gained popularity across the board. Zsh-specific documentation, guides, and forum answers have become nearly as common as Bash.

While I prefer to keep my shell configuration simple, Zsh also has a large ecosystem of plugins to add additional features and convenience to your interactive shell experience. Check out oh-my-zsh for a curated installation of some the most popular ones.

Bash remains the standard shell for any non-interactive shell programming, as it ships by default on almost all Linux distributions which form the basis of the servers or containers which scripts are likely to run on.

Configure Your User to Use Zsh

Setting the default shell for a user can be done using either the command line itself or, on MacOS, the Preferences pane of the included Terminal application GUI.

Option 1: The Terminal Application GUI

  1. Open the Terminal application
  2. Open the Preferences pane using Cmd + , or by navigating to Terminal > Preferences in the menu bar
  3. In the General tab, note that “Default login shell” is selected. On MacOS Catalina, the default shell has been updated to /bin/zsh. On previous MacOS versions, you can enter /bin/zsh in the “Command (complete path)” option to switch from the default (/bin/bash) to zsh.
  4. Use the Profiles tab to set any font, color, and cursor preferences you may have.

Option 2: The Command Line

  1. Open the Terminal application, or another terminal emulator if you have one installed
  2. Run echo $SHELL to see the default shell for your user. If the output is /bin/zsh or anything else ending in zsh, then you are already set. If the output is /bin/bash or anything else not ending in zsh then continue to the next step.
  3. Ensure you know the location of Zsh on your machine by running which zsh. The output should be /bin/zsh on most Macs.
  4. Run chsh /bin/zsh or chsh [output of step 3] if it differs. You will be prompted for your account password, which will not appear as you type it for security reasons. If no error was output, the change is successful.

You may need to restart your Terminal application to see the changes applied.

After restarting, you can run echo $SHELL to confirm the changes.

The PATH Variable: Your First Entry Into .zshrc

What is .zshrc?

Your zsh configuration will largely be managed in .zshrc file in your home directory. This file is automatically executed as a shell script whenever you initiate a new zsh session. This has the same effect as if you manually ran every command in the .zshrc every time you started a new shell session.

The most basic use of your .zshrc and similar dotfiles is to set environment variables, but in time you will use it to initialize common tools and dependencies as well as execute any shell scripts or commands you find to be useful.

What is PATH?

The PATH is where your system searches for programs that can be run. You can start a new Zsh session just by typing zsh, even though the full path of the program is /bin/zsh. This is because your system comes already configured to check the /bin directory for programs to run. Verify this by running the command yourself:

% echo $PATH
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

The directory paths are separated by : characters, and the order represents their precedence. If you have Zsh installed in both /usr/local/bin/ and /bin and you run the command zsh, then the one in /usr/local/bin will be run by default because it comes first in your PATH. You can override this behavior by specifying the full path instead of just the name. That is, you can run /bin/zsh to get the specific version you want even though it has lower precedence.

To start, we are only going to have our .zshrc execute one command: echo $PATH. As the system PATH is so crucial to command-line tooling, I prefer to be start every terminal session with a printout of the current PATH.

Option 1: Command Line

% echo "echo \$PATH" > ~/.zshrc

Note that the the $ character needs to be escaped with a backslash so the actual string echo $PATH ends up in your dotfile, rather than the string echo [whatever your PATH was when you ran this command] which would not be particularly helpful.

Option 2: A text editor

Assuming you do not already have your preferred text editor installed, you can use the TextEdit app that ships with MacOS as the default editor for text files. The open command will attempt to open a file with whichever app is the default for that file’s type.

% touch ~/.zshrc
% open ~/.zshrc

Add the line echo $PATH to the file and save.

Test it Out

The .zshrc will be invoked when you open a new terminal session in a new Terminal tab (Cmd + T), a new window (Cmd + N), or by running the file using the source command.

You should see the contents of your PATH printed out. Compare the output to directly invoking echo $PATH from your terminal.

% source ~/.zshrc
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
% echo $PATH
/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin

2. Install Homebrew

Homebrew is the unofficial official package manager for MacOS, and will be your first stop for installing and managing a wide variety of development tools.

I always opt to brew install a package if possible rather than building from source or using a Mac disk image download. When it comes time to uninstall, upgrade, or manage dependencies, it’s nice to be able to work with most of your dev tools using the same commands and working in the same directories.

Follow the instructions at brew.sh to install Homebrew. The installer will download and install the XCode Developer Command Line Tools if you do not already have the most up-to-date versions - this process can take quite awhile.

3. Install Sublime Text and Visual Studio Code with Homebrew

A general-purpose text editor is essential to your development environment. I use both Sublime Text and VS Code - Sublime for quick manipulation of scripts & text files, due to its quick startup, and VS Code for more involved development work where the VSCode plugins and tooling offer more functionality.

Install Sublime Text editor & CLI

brew cask install sublime-text

The brew install sets up the subl launcher command for you, so go ahead and try it out: subl ~/.zshrc. Your zsh config will now be much easier to work with.

Install Visual Studio Code editor & CLI

brew cask install visual-studio-code

Finally, test out the VS Code launcher out as well: code ~/.zshrc.

VS Code is endlessly configurable for development in almost any progamming language and environment, but there are a few basic settings and keybindings that can get you off to a solid start.

I have captured my basic VS Code setup in the Visual Studio Code Settings and Configuration.

Bonus: Install the Hack Font

Hack is by far my favorite monospaced font for text editors, and IDEs, and installing it is the first step I take on any new dev machine.

Hack can be downloaded here. Use Finder to unzip the .ttf files, open them, and click “Install Font”

Hack should then be available as an font option in Sublime, VS Code, and anywhere else you want a monospaced font.